When we talk about solids, we also talk about the position of the molecules, ions, or atoms that are fixed in a spatial arrangement. We do not talk about the motion of these particles, which are generally considered in the case of gases and liquids. The constituents of the solids are arranged in two different ways.
This means that they either tend to form a regular and repetitive 3D structure which is known as a crystal lattice, which produces a crystalline solid; or they tend to aggregate without any specific order and produce an amorphous solid. There is a vast difference between crystalline and amorphous solids and here we will learn about the comparison of amorphous vs crystalline.
Crystalline solids consist of particles that are arranged in a three-dimensional manner. The intermolecular forces between them are equal. They are anisotropic and have a well-defined melting point as well. They are referred to as the true solids. Examples of crystalline solids are diamond, benzoic acid, etc. Application of diamond includes in the making of beautiful jewelry, cutting of glass, etc.
Amorphous refers to being shapeless. Amorphous solids have an irregular arrangement of the solid particles. A solid body, in which the components of matter are arranged and organized in a certain way, is contained in a crystal, and its structure, the crystal, has a certain geometry. The regular internal chemical structure causes crystalline solids to have a clearly defined melting point.
Particles of such solids lack order in the arrangement of internal structures Figure 1. In view of this disturbance in the arrangement, these solids are referred to as supercooled liquids. Amorphous solids retain a temperature below their melting point for a longer time period, and the component molecules atoms and ions rearrange in a more ordered crystalline form.
These blocks resemble the basic structural units found in the corresponding crystalline phases of the same compound. In nature, amorphous material is an atomic length scale of short order without chemical bonding see structure of liquid glass for more information on non-crystalline material structures.
It is common to refer to amorphous materials as glass due to the transition temperature between frozen solid and supercooled viscous liquid. In the immediate vicinity, the molecules of the material do not differ significantly from those of the crystals, with similar numbers and distances to the nearest neighbors, but they lack the translational and orientation symmetries that characterize crystals.
It can depict the same properties possessed by the crystalline solids. Crystalline solids have a definite shape with orderly arranged ions, molecules or atoms in a three-dimensional pattern often termed crystal lattice. If cut, they depict a clear cleavage with surfaces intersecting at angles that are characteristic of the crystal.
Amorphous solids, on the other hand, have a disordered array of components not showing a definite shape. When cut, they show irregular shapes usually with curved surfaces. Crystalline components are held together by uniform intermolecular forces whereas in amorphous solids these forces differ from one atom to the other.
Amorphous solids do not have definite melting points but melt over a wide range of temperature because of the irregular shape. Crystalline solids, on the other hand, have a sharp melting point. Crystalline solids possess different electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, refractive index and mechanical strength within a crystal in different directions hence they are called anisotropic.
Amorphous are called isotropic because of similar physical properties from either direction. Examples of a crystalline solid include NaCl, sugar and diamond whereas the examples of amorphous solids include glass, rubber and polymers. Difference Between Crystalline and Amorphous.
Difference Between Similar Terms and Objects. MLA 8 Madisha, Lusi. Name required. Email required. Please note: comment moderation is enabled and may delay your comment.
There is no need to resubmit your comment. Notify me of followup comments via e-mail. Written by : Lusi Madisha. For example, it is well known that bulk metallic glasses may have higher strength and higher elastic limits compared to their crystalline forms. Therefore, a rich set of behavior can be obtained by systematic control between glassy and crystalline states. The questions I like to address in this area are:.
I am also interested in developing theories and computational methods for obtaining the effective elastic and thermal properties of composite materials under static and quasi-static loading.
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